Akkermansia Muciniphila for Weight Loss

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Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium naturally found in the intestines of humans and rodents, is gaining attention for its potential health benefits. Research indicates that people with higher levels of Akkermansia are less likely to experience conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and diabetes.

When it comes to body weight, studies show a strong link between Akkermansia and weight management. Individuals with more of this bacterium tend to have lower body weights. Analyzing fecal samples further supports this, revealing that obese and overweight children often have lower levels of Akkermansia compared to leaner kids.

So, does taking a probiotic with Akkermansia muciniphila help with weight loss? It’s a bit more complex than that.

What is Akkermansia muciniphila?

Akkermansia muciniphila is a bacterium naturally found in the human digestive system. This “commensal bacterium” lives peacefully in our gut without causing harm. In healthy adults, it makes up about 3 to 5 percent of the gut microbial community. Akkermansia muciniphila has a unique ability to break down the mucus lining the gut, turning it into energy. This supports the growth of other beneficial bacteria and maintains a healthy mucus turnover. Additionally, it produces beneficial compounds called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

SCFAs are also generated when gut bacteria ferment dietary fibers from fruits, vegetables, and legumes. These acids play a crucial role in promoting gut health. They serve as an energy source and have anti-inflammatory effects on the cells lining the gut. This helps maintain the integrity of the gut barrier, reducing inflammation and preventing harmful substances from entering the bloodstream. This process is linked to reducing problems related to obesity, such as cardiovascular disease.

Moreover, SCFAs impact our metabolism by influencing hormones that regulate appetite, like leptin and ghrelin. This leads to an improved feeling of fullness and better control over food intake.

Recent studies have shown that low levels of Akkermansia bacteria are associated with an increased risk of conditions like obesity and diabetes, even among genetically identical twins. Research on animal models, particularly mice, suggests that Akkermansia bacteria have direct positive effects on both the gut and metabolism.

Akkermansia for Weight Loss

We’ve seen some intriguing data from cellular and animal studies, along with observational evidence, but it’s important not to jump to conclusions. Just because we have promising results in controlled lab settings doesn’t mean taking Akkermansia probiotics will yield the same benefits in humans. Laboratory studies might not capture the complexity of human systems, and animals don’t always metabolize substances the same way humans do. Their responses can be quite different from ours.

So, do we have human research trials? Yes, but the current body of research is somewhat limited.

In one study involving subjects with type 2 diabetes, participants took Akkermansia along with other probiotics for 12 weeks. This led to a modest improvement in blood sugar levels, specifically HbA1c by 0.6%. However, this study had a small sample size of just 76 participants, and they were also using other probiotics, not just Akkermansia alone.

In another study, Akkermansia was administered to obese and overweight individuals at a dose of 10 billion CFU for three months. The results showed modest weight loss of 2.27 kg, fat loss of 1.37 kg, and improvements in various metabolic parameters. Again, this study had a small sample size, with only 40 participants initially enrolled, and 32 completing the study. Interestingly, the study compared live and pasteurized (dead) Akkermansia to a placebo, and surprisingly, the dead Akkermansia outperformed the live Akkermansia for weight and fat loss. This is puzzling because Akkermansia is thought to exert its beneficial effects as a live probiotic, not a dead one.

The only reasonable explanation is that the small sample size of 32 people might not be enough to draw solid conclusions. These observed variations could be mostly statistical noise, suggesting that the study’s findings are quite weak.

Beyond these studies, there isn’t much substantial evidence in humans. However, ongoing exploratory studies, like one in China examining the effects of a specific strain of Akkermansia called WST01 on glucose levels and weight loss in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes, may provide more insights in the future.

Probiotics for Weight Loss

While the research on Akkermansia muciniphila as a probiotic seems promising, the overall evidence isn’t very strong. Let’s compare Akkermansia with other well-studied probiotics and their effects on metabolism and obesity. We’ll look at human, animal, and cellular studies to get a clearer picture.

best-probiotic-strains-for-weight-loss — Comparison of the best probiotics for weight loss

Lactobacillus probiotics

Let’s start with Lactobacillus probiotics, a group that’s been extensively researched. Among them, Lactobacillus gasseri is notable for its consistent association with weight loss, though the amount of weight lost is generally small. This weight loss effect has been repeatedly observed in humans, making Lactobacillus gasseri one of the few probiotics with clear evidence supporting its role in weight management.

However, it’s important to note that while Lactobacillus gasseri has relatively strong evidence for aiding with obesity, this doesn’t mean it has strong evidence for weight loss overall. Compared to more effective supplements like L-carnitine, Lactobacillus gasseri shows weak evidence for weight loss.

Other strains like Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus casei have shown improvements in obesity-related measures. These include reducing inflammation and improving fat composition. In some cases, these strains also contributed to weight loss when combined with a proper diet. However, they are often used in combination with other probiotics, making it difficult to pinpoint the specific impact of each strain. These strains likely support weight loss efforts when accompanied by a balanced diet and may not have significant effects when used alone.

Less commonly studied strains like Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus sakei, and Lactobacillus curvatus have been explored for their potential in addressing obesity. However, there is limited research available, and we lack clear evidence regarding their effectiveness in humans.

In contrast, Lactobacillus acidophilus, a widely studied strain, does not appear to have noticeable effects on weight when used alone. Some research even suggests it might lead to weight gain.

Bifidobacterium probiotics

Now, let’s explore another extensively studied group of probiotics: Bifidobacterium. Unlike the Lactobacillus group, there isn’t a single standout strain among Bifidobacterium. Instead, many strains contribute to promoting healthy weight loss rather than directly causing it.

Two strains that frequently appear in research are Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium lactis. Although much of the research involves combining these strains with other probiotics and is often conducted in mice, some strains seem to enhance fat composition and support weight loss.

Other strains like Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum also play a role in supporting weight loss by addressing factors like high cholesterol or inflammation. However, these strains likely don’t lead to significant weight loss on their own. Most of these bacterial strains are usually used in combination with various other probiotics, making it challenging to pinpoint the usefulness of one specific strain.

Other probiotics

Information about probiotics other than Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium is generally less abundant. This is where Akkermansia muciniphila comes into the picture. Additionally, there are other noteworthy probiotics like Bacteroides uniformis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Saccharomyces boulardii. These probiotics also show interesting effects related to potentially reducing obesity risk and aiding in weight loss. However, they haven’t yet demonstrated consistent weight loss effects, especially in humans.

There has been a growing interest and research focus on Akkermansia muciniphila recently. It’s possible that we might soon discover more reliable and beneficial effects on humans. However, as of now, the research on Akkermansia is still relatively new, and we don’t have enough evidence to truly rate its effectiveness.

Top supplement choices

L. gasseri (BNR17) – 1 cap / day
L. gasseri (generic) – 1 cap / day

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Attributions

By Zhang, T., Li, Q., Cheng, L., Buch, H., & Zhang, F. (2019). Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising probiotic. Microbial biotechnology, 12(6), 1109-1125, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=135878695